Razor Blade and Method of Manufacture

ABSTRACT

A method for making a razor blade having a bent portion is disclosed. The method includes: providing an elongated strip of stainless steel that can be 0.076 mm thick; hardening the strip; providing a cutting edge along an edge of the strip and providing coating(s) on the cutting edge. The stainless steel has a carbon content preferably between 0.45% and 0.55% by weight. The strip is separated lengthwise into discrete razor blades. The bent portion of the razor blade is then formed using a swivel bending process. When the razor blade is bent to define an included angle of 90 degrees between planar regions adjacent the bent portion and an inner surface having a radius about 0.3-0.35 mm, the outer surface of the bent portion is free from macro-cracks.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/050,275 filed May 5, 2008, incorporated herein for reference in its entirety.

BACKGROUND

1. Technical Field

The present disclosure relates to razor blades in general and, more particularly, to a razor blade having a bent portion and a method and apparatus for manufacturing the same.

2. Background

Many modern safety razors include a disposable razor cartridge adapted to be selectively connected to a reusable handle by connecting structure therebetween. The cartridge includes a frame having at least one razor blade with a sharpened cutting edge disposed therein. Other modern safety razors include a razor cartridge permanently connected to the handle that can be disposed of as a single unit.

The performance and commercial success of a razor cartridge is a balance of many factors and characteristics that include rinsability i.e. the ability of the user to be able to easily rinse cut hair and skin particles and other shaving debris from the razor cartridge and especially from between adjacent razor blades or razor blade structures such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,586,255 to Jacobson.

A razor cartridge including a razor blade having a bent portion can have certain advantages and there have been many proposals to provide a razor cartridge with such a razor blade. Some examples are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,389,773 to Nissen et al, several to Jacobson including number 4,442,598, number 5,010,646 to Neamtu, number 6,804,886 to Wain and also G.B. patent 2,055,069 to Davis, the latter two patents ('886 and G.B. '069) going on to disclose methods of forming the razor blade using a press tool. However, such razor cartridges have not been successfully commercialized or at least not manufactured on a scale that is significant in a mass market such as that of razor cartridges. Many manufacturers emulate a bent razor blade by mounting a generally planar razor blade on a bent support made from a material both thicker and softer than a typical hardened razor blade. The aforementioned '255 patent includes an example of such a construction.

Challenges to the manufacture of a commercially acceptable razor cartridge with a bent blade include manufacturing issues such as cracking occurring in a hardened blade body in the vicinity of the bend and more especially on the outer surface of the bend. While cracks of a micro scale located in the outer surface of the bend may be acceptable, cracks of a macro scale can have the following disadvantages: a crack itself is a fracture in the blade body but also provides an initiation site that facilitates further fracture or even breakage of the razor blade during normal use when mounted in its cartridge housing. Cracks also can provide initiation sites for accelerated corrosion that can also result in failure of the razor blade. Failure or fracture of a razor blade can result in nicks and cuts for the user.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure has for its objective to eliminate, or at least substantially alleviate the limitations of the prior art razor blade arrangements. The present disclosure is directed particularly to a method of making a razor blade having a bent portion. The razor blade has a cutting edge and a back edge portion, a bent portion between the cutting edge and the back edge portion, and first and second generally planar portions respectively between the cutting edge and the bent portion and the bent portion and the back edge portion.

The razor blade is manufactured from an elongated strip of stainless steel. The stainless steel has a carbon content preferably less than about 0.60%, more preferably between about 0.45% and about 0.55% and can also comprise between about 1.0% and about 1.6% molybdenum, both by weight. The stainless steel strip is preferably equal or less than 0.1 mm thick, preferably 0.076 mm and can be 0.025-0.05 mm thick. The stainless steel strip is preferably about 3 mm wide but can be any width to suit the application at hand. The stainless steel strip is hardened to about 660-850 HV and the strip provided with a cutting edge along at least one edge. As disclosed herein, cited hardness values use the Vickers scale at a load of 0.5 kg. The cutting edge is provided with suitable coatings that can include a hard carbon material and an outer coating of a cured fluoropolymer, preferably PTFE. The (PTFE) curing process has a secondary effect of annealing the strip to reduce the hardness of the strip to at least 600 HV and preferably about 620-640 HV. A lengthwise extending portion of the strip is removed to provide a discrete razor blade. The bent portion of the razor blade is preferably formed by swivel bending processes as described herein. By this method, when the forming results in an included angle of less than 118 degrees and preferably about 90 degrees between the first and second planar portions, in combination with a minimum inside bend radius less than 0.50 mm and preferably about 0.30-0.35 mm, the outer surface of the bent portion is substantially free from macro-cracks. In the context of the present disclosure a macro-crack is defined as a crack in the outer surface of the bend having a depth greater than ⅔ the thickness of the strip.

In a further aspect, the razor blade can include one or more apertures. The process step to perforate the apertures can occur after the discrete razor blade is cut from the strip and before the bent portion is formed.

A plurality of blades in accordance with the aforementioned description, can be conveniently mounted in a cartridge housing which can provide a razor cartridge.

In addition the present disclosure describes embodiments of forming tooling for making razor blades having a bent portion.

An advantage of the disclosed razor blade having a bent portion is that it can be used in a razor cartridge as an alternative to a planar razor blade mounted on a thicker bent support. Avoidance of the thicker bent support facilitates improved rinsability of the cartridge. Use of the disclosed stainless steel material in combination with the disclosed method of bending can avoid any necessity to provide a local secondary heat treatment process to a portion of the blade body to enhance ductility and results in a bent portion having its outer surface substantially free of macro-cracks. However, a localized heat treatment process can be used with the present material and method combination if desired. Premature failure of the razor blade is avoided or the probability of failure is substantially diminished, thereby improving safety for the user.

The above features and advantages will be more fully understood with reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of a razor blade of the present disclosure.

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of another embodiment of a razor blade of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a further embodiment of a razor blade of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the process steps of the present disclosure.

FIGS. 5A; 5B; 5C; 5D are schematic views of a razor blade in forming tooling at various positions.

FIG. 5E is a schematic view of another embodiment of the forming tooling of FIGS. 5A-5D.

FIGS. 6A; 6B; 6C and 6D are schematic views of a razor blade in another embodiment of forming tooling at various positions.

FIG. 6E is a schematic view of a further embodiment of a razor blade of the present disclosure in another embodiment of forming tooling.

FIG. 7 is a sectional schematic view of an exemplary razor cartridge including a plurality of razor blades of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Martensitic stainless steels having a carbon content 0.6-0.7% or more, about 13% chromium and substantially free of molybdenum are widely used for making razor blades. These materials are widely available, have adequate corrosion resistance for their intended use and can be sharpened to provide a high quality cutting edge. However, these materials are somewhat brittle and razor blades formed thereof are not readily bent without cracking or fracturing. U.S. Patent application publications 2007/0124939 and 2007/0234577 disclose methods of locally heat treating a portion of a hardened razor blade body to enhance ductility and thus facilitate formation of a bent portion.

U.S. patents number 5,275,672 and 5,433,801, both to Althaus et al. disclose razor blade steel having high corrosion resistance, the disclosures of both are hereby incorporated in their entireties for reference. The Applicants of the present disclosure have discovered that materials having certain compositional similarities to the materials disclosed in the aforementioned Althaus et al. patents have unexpected additional utility for a razor blade having a bent portion when used in combination with a forming process including swivel bending, described later in the present disclosure.

Referring now to the drawings and in particular FIG. 4, exemplary process steps for the manufacture of a so-called single edge razor blade having a bent portion are schematically depicted. Elongated stainless steel strip 10, as provided, is depicted at step (a). The strip has a width 12 and a thickness 14 and includes a front edge portion 16 and a back edge portion 18. The width of the strip is preferably about 3 mm wide but can be any width to suit the application at hand from about 2 mm or less to about 22 mm or more. The thickness of the strip can be 0.1 mm or less and is preferably about 0.076 mm and in some cases strip having a thickness of about 0.025-0.05 mm can be employed. The steel preferably conforms to the compositions of the aforementioned Althaus et al. patents and is preferably the grade designated GIN7 manufactured by HITACHI METALS. The steel has a carbon content less than about 0.60%, preferably in the range 0.45% to 0.55%, but can also be about 0.4%. The steel can also have a molybdenum content in the range about 1.0% to about 1.6%. At step (b) the strip 10 is hardened to a hardness about 660-850 HV by well known process(es). At step (c) the front edge is sharpened by any well known sharpening process such as grinding and honing to provide an elongated cutting edge 20. At step (d) suitable coating(s) 30 are applied to the cutting edge by well known processes. One or more under-coatings can include, but are not limited to, one or more of chromium, platinum, niobium, titanium, alloys of the aforementioned materials and compounds of the aforementioned materials compounded with e.g. carbon or nitrogen. A suitable titanium coating is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. patent application publication 2007/0186424 the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated for reference in its entirety. Also various types of hard carbon coatings such as amorphous diamond, diamond-like-carbon (DLC) and combinations with the above can be applied. An outer coating of a fluoropolymer material, preferably PTFE is applied. A suitable PTFE coating is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. patent application, publication 2007/0124944 the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated for reference in its entirety, but the present application is not limited in this regard and any suitable PTFE coating can be employed. The PTFE coating can be cured and the curing process has the secondary effect of annealing at least the portion of the strip containing the cutting edge to at least 600 HV and preferably about 620-640 HV. At step (e) a lengthwise extending portion 40 is cut from the strip to provide a discrete razor blade 50. The discrete razor blade has properties of the strip from which it was cut. At step (f) the razor blade 50 is bent as will be described later to provide a bent portion 52.

As an alternative to the aforementioned, certain preliminary process steps can undertaken to manufacture a double-edge razor blade. Strip material having a suitable width (e.g. about 22 mm) is perforated in continuous strip form to provide apertures that can include an elongated center slot that can be used to support or locate the blade strip during subsequent processes such as edge forming and edge coating and location holes that can be used to index the strip or to locate a discrete razor blade during certain processes. Process steps (b) and (c) are performed as described above, with an exception that both the front edge and back edge are sharpened to provide cutting edges. The elongated strip is then separated into discrete double edge razor blades. Process step (d) is performed to both cutting edges as described above. The double edge razor blade is then split preferably adjacent the ends of the center slot to provide two single edge razor blades. Thereafter process step (0 is performed as described above.

Referring now to FIGS. 5A-5E, and in particular FIG. 5A, a discrete razor blade 50 is mounted in suitable tooling 100 to provide a bent portion (52 in FIG. 5D) in the razor blade by a swivel bending process. Preferably the portion of the razor blade adjacent the cutting edge 20 is clamped between first and second jaws 102, 104 respectively with the opposed edge portion extending outward therefrom. Portions of the extreme ends of the cutting edge of the razor blade abut a reference surface of one of the jaws so that the razor blade is in an accurately defined location relative to the tooling so that the position can be precisely repeated to provide bent portions for further razor blades. The second jaw 104 includes a protrusion 106 having a parti-cylindrical form 108 having axis 110. Face 112 provides clearance relief for over-bending as will be described later. Nose 120 is applied to the surface of the blade adjacent the first jaw with a predetermined contact pressure between an arcuate surface 130 of the nose and the mating blade surface. The contact pressure is preferably about 25 N for a razor blade of the preferred GIN7 material of the preferred 0.076 mm thickness but can be varied to suit other razor blade materials and other thicknesses. The nose is pivotally supported about nose axis 122. Referring now to FIG. 5B, which depicts a hypothetical interim condition of the swivel bending process, axis 122 of nose 120 is rotated around axis 110 of the second jaw 104 to cause the blade to be formed around parti-cylindrical form 108. The path of axis 122 is depicted as arc 124. As arcuate surface 130 of the nose is against the blade surface with a defined contact pressure the arcuate surface rolls without sliding relative to the blade surface and the nose pivots about axis 122, depicted as arc 126 in the direction indicated by arrow 128. Referring now to FIG. 5C, the blade is bent around parti-cylindrical form 108 to over-bend the razor blade to compensate for ensuing elastic recovery. Referring to FIG. 5D, the nose 120 is retracted to its starting position and inherent elastic recovery of the blade causes it to relax to its desired form, including a bent portion 52. As depicted, the included angle 60 defined by the bent portion is about 90 degrees, however the present application is not limited in this regard and other angles are within the scope of the present disclosure.

The parti-cylindrical form 108 is sized to provide a bent portion 52 of the razor blade that preferably has an effective inside radius about 0.30 to about 0.35 mm. A larger inside radius (e.g. about 0.5 mm or more) is less preferred as a blade having a thickness 0.076 mm requires excessive overbending to yield a desired included angle, however a larger radius can have utility for thinner blades (e.g. less than 0.076 mm thick). A smaller inside radius (e.g. smaller than about 0.15 mm) can result in a blade of thickness 0.076 mm fracturing in the vicinity of the bent portion and this phenomenon can be used to separate a removable portion 57 as depicted in FIG. 5E which depicts the nose 120 retracted to its starting position at the conclusion of a cycle of the tooling. This effect can have utility where it is desirous to manufacture a blade narrower than the width of the strip, e.g. 1-2 mm. This effect can avoid any necessity to attach a blade to a bent support prior to fracturing a removable portion as is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,629,475 to Neamtu et al. or providing a weakened portion for the razor blade using thermal energy as is disclosed in U.S. Patent application publication 2006/0000526.

Referring now to FIGS. 6A-6D a discrete razor blade 50 is mounted in another embodiment of suitable tooling 200 to provide a bent portion in the razor blade. The tooling parts and operation steps are generally similar to those described in FIGS. 5A-5D with exceptions that the blade portion opposed the cutting edge can be located and clamped and the nose 220 is pivotal about axis 210 of parti-cylindrical surface 208 only. Consequently, the tip portion 230 of the nose slides against the surface of the razor blade as the nose rotates about axis 210, depicted as arc 224.

As depicted in FIG. 6E, the razor blade having a first bent portion can subsequently be mounted in further suitable tooling 300 to provide a second bent portion 54. The tooling can be of the type depicted in FIGS. 5A-5D or 6A-6D, having a pivotal or non-pivotal nose.

Referring now to FIGS. 1-3, exemplary embodiments of razor blades having bent portions are depicted. The razor blade 50 of FIG. 1 has a cutting edge portion 20 and a back edge portion 58. A bent portion 52 is between the cutting edge portion and the back edge portion. The bent portion has an inner surface 62 and an outer surface 64. A first generally planar portion 66 is between the cutting edge portion and the bent portion and a second generally planar portion 68 is between the bent portion and the back edge. The first and second planar portions define an angle 60 therebetween, preferably about 90 degrees. The inner surface 130 of the bent portion preferably includes a radius preferably between 0.12 mm and 0.5 mm and most preferably is parti-cylindrical having a radius about 0.30-0.35 mm for a razor blade 0.076 mm thick. The razor blade 70 of FIG. 2 is similar to that of FIG. 1 but includes a plurality of apertures 72 provided to further enhance rinsibility when the razor blade is mounted in its cartridge housing. The apertures are preferably provided by a well known punch and die tool in a process step after the discrete razor blade is cut from its elongated strip and before the bent portion is formed. The apertures can also be formed in a process step before the strip is hardened in a well known progressive perforation tool. The razor blade 80 of FIG. 3 is similar to that of FIG. 1 but includes an angle 82 between planar portions other than about 90 degrees, e.g. less than about 118 degrees between the first and second planar portions.

The outer surfaces of the bent portions of the razor blades of the material(s) and process(es) described above are substantially free from macro-cracks. In the context of the present disclosure a macro-crack is defined as a crack in the outer surface of the bend having a depth greater than ⅔ the thickness of the strip.

Referring now to FIG. 7, a sectional schematic view of a razor cartridge 400 including a plurality of razor blades 402 each having respective cutting edges 404, bent portions 406, back edge portions 408 and first and second planar portions 420, 422 respectively is depicted. The cartridge includes a housing 410 that comprises a guard 412, a cap 414 and a blade mounting region 416. The guard and the cap can comprise, respectively, elastomeric and lubricious elements 426, 418, as are well known in the art. The second planar portion 422 of the razor blade between the bent portion 406 and the back edge portion 408 is disposed in a slot 430 of end wall 432 of the housing. A spring element 440 can be provided preferably under the first planar portion 420 of the razor blade as is well known in the art.

While various embodiments have been described above, it should be understood that they have been presented by way of example only, and not limitation. For instance, modifications or changes as can be made within the scope of the attached claims and features disclosed in connection with any one embodiment can be used alone or in combination with each feature of the respective other embodiments. Thus, the breadth and scope of any embodiment should not be limited by any of the above described exemplary embodiments, but should be defined only in accordance with the following claims and their equivalents. 

1. A method of making a razor blade having a bent portion, comprising the steps of: a) providing an elongated strip of stainless steel having a front edge portion and a back edge portion, the stainless steel having a carbon content less than 0.60% by weight; b) hardening the strip to a first hardness; c) providing a cutting edge extending along the front edge portion of the elongated strip; d) cutting a lengthwise extending portion from the strip, the lengthwise extending portion providing a discrete razor blade having a length suitable for use in a razor cartridge housing, each discrete razor blade including a cutting edge, a back edge portion and a body portion therebetween; and e) forming a region of the body portion by swivel bending to provide a bent portion in the body portion; wherein the razor blade thus formed includes a first generally planar portion between the cutting edge and the bent portion and a second generally planar portion between the bent portion and the back edge portion.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the process further includes a step of perforating one or more apertures.
 3. The method of claim 2, wherein the step of perforation occurs before step e) and after step d).
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carbon content is between 0.45% and 0.55% carbon by weight.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the stainless steel further includes between 1.0 and 1.6% molybdenum by weight.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein the first hardness is in the range 660 HV to 850 HV.
 7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method further includes the step of annealing at least a portion of the strip containing the cutting edge to reduce the hardness of the portion of the strip containing the cutting edge to a second hardness of at least 600 HV.
 8. The method of claim 1, wherein step d) occurs during a curing process for a PTFE coating applied to the cutting edge.
 9. The method of claim 1, wherein, when the razor blade is formed such that the first planar portion is generally perpendicular to the second planar portion, an outer surface of the bent portion is free from macro-cracks having a depth more than ⅔ the thickness of the strip.
 10. A razor blade having a bent portion, comprising: a cutting edge portion and a back edge portion; a bent portion between the cutting edge portion and the back edge portion, the bent portion having an inner surface and an outer surface and being provided by a swivel bending process; a first generally planar portion between the cutting edge portion and the bent portion; and a second generally planar portion between the bent portion and the back edge portion, each planar portion having a thickness; wherein the first generally planar portion and the second generally planar portion define an include angle less than 118 degrees therebetween; wherein the razor blade comprises less 0.60% carbon; wherein the inner surface of the bent portion includes a radius less than 0.5 mm; and wherein the outer surface of the bent portion is free from macro-cracks having a depth more than ⅔ the thickness.
 11. The razor blade of claim 10, wherein the inner surface of the bent portion is parti-cylindrical and defines a radius about 0.3 mm.
 12. The razor blade of claim 10, wherein the first generally planar portion is generally perpendicular to the second generally planar portion.
 13. A razor cartridge, comprising: a housing having a guard at the front, a cap at the rear and a blade mounting region between the guard and the cap; a plurality of razor blades, each having a bent portion, disposed in the blade mounting region, wherein each razor blade comprises: a cutting edge portion and a back edge portion; a bent portion between the cutting edge portion and the back edge portion, the bent portion having an inner surface and an outer surface and being provided by a swivel bending process; a first generally planar portion between the cutting edge portion and the bent portion; and a second generally planar portion between the bent portion and the back edge portion, each planar portion having a thickness; wherein the first generally planar portion and the second generally planar portion define an include angle less than 118 degrees therebetween; wherein the razor blade comprises less than 0.60% carbon; wherein the inner surface of the bent portion includes a radius less than 1.0 mm; and wherein the outer surface of the bent portion is free from macro-cracks having a depth greater than ⅔ the thickness.
 14. Apparatus to provide a bent portion in a razor blade, comprising: a first jaw; a second jaw including a parti-cylindrical surface having an axis, and a relief face, wherein the first jaw and the second jaw are adapted to clamp a portion of a razor blade adjacent one of a cutting edge portion and an opposed edge portion; wherein the other of the cutting edge portion and the opposed edge portion extend therefrom and wherein one of the first jaw and the second jaw further comprises a reference surface adapted to abut one of the cutting edge portion and the opposed edge portion; and a nose adapted to rotate about the axis of the second jaw through a predetermined angle of rotation, the nose having an arcuate surface adapted to contact a surface of the razor blade with a predetermined contact pressure; wherein, when a razor blade is clamped between the first jaw and the second jaw and the nose is subsequently rotated through the predetermined angle of rotation the razor blade is provided with a bent portion.
 15. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the nose is adapted to rotate about a nose axis and wherein the arcuate surface of the nose is adapted to roll on the surface of the razor blade without sliding relative to the surface of the razor blade. 